In 1824 a party of 25 men under British Lieutenant F G Farewell arrived from the Cape Colony and established a settlement on the northern shore of the Bay of Natal, which would later become the port of Durban, so named after Benjamin D'Urban, a governor of the Cape Colony. Both Prime Minister Louis Botha and Defence Minister Jan Smuts were former Second Boer War generals who had previously fought against the British, but they now became active and respected members of the Imperial War Cabinet. Further friction was caused by the refusal of Sekhukhune to allow prospectors to search for gold in territory he considered to be sovereign and independent under his authority. [166] At the same time, State-sponsored vigilante groups carried out violent attacks on communities and community leaders associated with resistance to apartheid. 213, 219, 223, 224 Quote: Truth and Reconciliation Commission (1998), Findings on the role of allies of the state, pages 227238, Peter Harris, "The role of rightwing vigilantes in South Africa", in. [14][15][16] The initial origin of the Khoikhoi remains uncertain.[17][18]. Germany's Ludwig Loewe company, later known as Deutsche Waffen-und Munitionfabriken, delivered 55,000 of these rifles to the Boers in 1896. According to Solomon Johannes Terreblanche, a South African academic economist, the government's concessions to big business represented "treacherous decisions that [will] haunt South Africa for generations to come". Civilians were killed or injured in many of these robberies. Genocide: A History. Most Common South African Surnames & Meanings Most Common Last Names In South Africa Forebears knows about 821,426 unique surnames in South Africa and there are 66 people per name. After lengthy negotiations under the auspices of the Convention for a Democratic South Africa (CODESA), a draft constitution was published on 26 July 1993, containing concessions towards all sides: a federal system of regional legislatures, equal voting-rights regardless of race, and a bicameral legislature. For the veterans among your South African ancestors, military collections provide insights into where and when they served, and even physical descriptions. The territory of the South African Republic became known after this war as the Transvaal Colony.[54]. There are 642 immigration records available for the last name South African. [27], The VOC had settled at the Cape in order to supply their trading ships. Multi-national mining corporations including Anglo-American Corporation, Lonmin, and Anglo Platinum, were accused of failing to address the enduring legacies of apartheid. Both sides adopted scorched-earth tactics, with large swathes of pasturage and cropland being destroyed. After the country's first multiracial democratic elections in 1994, a number of terrorist bomb blasts were linked to the AWB. It translates as "of the roof". The Griqua community became subsequently dissimulated. Hetherington, Penelope. [202] The Africanists broke away from the ANC to form the Pan-Africanist Congress and its military wing named Poqo, which became active mainly in the Cape provinces. Like a window into their day-to-day life, South African census records can tell you where and how . By that time, more than 2,000,000 children were orphaned due to the epidemic. Meanwhile, the discovery of diamonds around Kimberley and gold in the Transvaal led to a later return to instability, particularly because they fueled the rise to power of the ambitious colonialist Cecil Rhodes. 4. Kruger reacted by forming an alliance with the neighbouring Boer republic of Orange Free State. At its peak in 1987, the UDF had some 700 affiliates and about 3,000,000 members. [74], Although no formally surveyed boundaries existed, Griqua leader Nicolaas Waterboer claimed the diamond fields were situated on land belonging to the Griquas. [224], Migrant labour remained a fundamental aspect of the South African mining industry, which employed half a million mostly black miners. 2. This has been interpreted as the earliest example ever discovered of abstract art or symbolic art created by Homo sapiens. The incident was widely criticised by the public, civil society organisations and religious leaders. [8] The first human habitation is associated with a DNA group originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa and still prevalent in the indigenous Khoisan (Khoi and San). The Boers took a defensive position with the high banks of the Ncome River forming a natural barrier to their rear with their ox waggons as barricades between themselves and the attacking Zulu army. Means "nation" in Xhosa. Specifics of the contact between Bantu-speakers and the indigenous Khoisan ethnic group remain largely unresearched, although linguistic proof of assimilation exists, as several southern Bantu languages (notably Xhosa and Zulu) are theorised in that they incorporate many click consonants from the Khoisan languages, as possibilities of such developing independently are valid as well. Meanwhile, the British, who viewed their defeat at Majuba as an aberration, forged ahead with their desire to federate the Southern African colonies and republics. The Democratic Party and Pan Africanist Congress, among others, formed a parliamentary opposition in the country's first non-racial parliament. More than a decade later 36,000 Cuban troops were deployed throughout the country helping providing support for MPLA's fight with UNITA. [139][140], About 334,000 South Africans volunteered for full-time military service in support of the Allies abroad. In the 14th and 15th century, Portuguese explorers traveled down the west African Coast, detailing and mapping the coastline and in 1488 they rounded the Cape of Good Hope. [83] The British then set about establishing large sugar plantations in the area today named KwaZulu-Natal Province. The more radical Boers split away under the leadership of General Barry Hertzog, forming the National Party (NP) in 1914. The language law caused friction, distrust and dissatisfaction. Desiree Hansson, "Changes in counter-revolutionary state strategy in the decade 197989", in Desiree Hansson and Dirk van Zyl Smit (eds.). "Disease and Society: VOC Cape Town, Its People, and the Smallpox Epidemics of 1713, 1755, and 1767," Kleio 27, This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 09:53. He eventually surrendered to a combined deputation of Boer and British forces on 2 December 1879. The Apartheid Convention, as it came to be known, was adopted by the General Assembly on 30 November 1973 with 91 member states voting in favour, four against (Portugal, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States) and 26 abstentions. The role of the Boer settlers was replaced by subsidised British immigrants of whom 5,000 arrived between 1849 and 1851. Some members of the Torch Commando subsequently became leading figures in the armed wing of the banned African National Congress. Thabani m Southern African, Zulu, Ndebele. [118] The enormous wealth of the mines was in the hands of European "Randlords" overseeing the mainly British foreign managers, mining foremen, engineers and technical specialists, characterised by the Boers as uitlander, meaning aliens. Cuba had initially provided the MPLA with 230 military advisers prior to the South African intervention. The conventional view is that availability of livestock was one reason why, in the mid-17th century, the Dutch East India Company established a staging post where the port city of Cape Town is today situated. The name is pronounced Col-u-WHA. As societies became more complex or were colonised by more complex societies these distinguishing names became fixed and were passed on to the next generation. [61], Indian slaves from the Dutch colonies in India had been introduced into the Cape area of South Africa by the Dutch settlers in 1654. Pro-apartheid South Africans attempted to justify the Bantustan policy by citing the British government's 1947 partition of India, which they claimed was a similar situation that did not arouse international condemnation. Ledwaba Southern African, South African, Zulu From Zulu meaning "rock". [138] By August 1945, South African Air Force aircraft in conjunction with British and Dutch aircraft stationed in South Africa had intercepted 17 enemy ships, assisted in the rescue of 437 survivors of sunken ships, attacked 26 of the 36 enemy submarines operating the vicinity of the South African coast, and flown 15,000 coastal patrol sorties. The United Nations Security Council on 6 May 1978 condemned South Africa for the attack. [152] On 11 March 1994, several hundred AWB members formed part of an armed right-wing force that invaded the nominally independent "homeland" territory of Bophuthatswana, in a failed attempt to prop up its unpopular, conservative leader Chief Lucas Mangope. Van der Merwe is a common Afrikaans surname, derived from the Dutch van der Merwen ("from the Merwede"). In September 1854, 28 Boers accused of cattle rustling were killed in three separate incidents by an alliance of the Ndebele chiefdoms of Mokopane and Mankopane. 2. With the formal end of apartheid in 1994, the new democratic government was saddled with an onerous foreign debt amounting to R86,700,000,000 (US$14,000,000,000 at then current exchange rates) accrued by the former apartheid regime. Like the Dutch before them, the British initially had little interest in the Cape Colony, other than as a strategically located port. 3,481 st most common surname in the world and it is an alternative spelling of Naidu. After 1806, a number of Dutch-speaking inhabitants of the Cape Colony trekked inland, first in small groups. [204] The uprising had been precipitated by Government legislation forcing African students to accept Afrikaans as the official medium for tuition,[205] with support from the wider Black Consciousness Movement. It is among the most common African last names. The commission charged by agents was the same as the payment for one slave, thus those settlers only claiming for one slave would receive nothing. Except in rare outcrops, however, the main gold deposits had over many years become covered gradually by thousands of feet of hard rock. Lennet South African Letesha South African Louw Afrikaans Louw is a surname that has pre 7th century Germanic origins. If you wish to find out what records South African Ancestry has for a specific family or surname then please enter the relevant surname or maiden name in the relevant field below and click on "search" to see a full list of our available records. For more parenting tips and tricks, find us on Pinterest: Are you a writer, expert, or influencer? [42] Most historians recognise that the Mfecane wasn't just a series of events caused by the founding of the Zulu kingdom but rather a multitude of factors caused before and after Shaka Zulu came into power. 469503. [142] A number of South African fighter pilots served with distinction in the Royal Air Force during the Battle of Britain, including Group Captain Adolph "Sailor" Malan who led 74 Squadron and established a record of personally destroying 27 enemy aircraft. This did not prevent the outbreak of a Second AngloBoer war. This act augmented the Native Land Act of 1913 through the establishment of so-called "homelands" or "reserves". In the southeastern part of South Africa, Boer settlers and the Xhosa clashed along the Great Fish River, and in 1779 the First Xhosa War broke out. [1] South Africa's prehistory has been divided into two phases based on broad patterns of technology namely the Stone Age and Iron Age. The republic regained its independence as the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek ("South African Republic"), or ZAR. Truth Commission Special Report: APLA attacks. Keita Origin: Malian Meaning: "Worshipper." Kimathi Origin: Kenyan Meaning: "Earnest provider." Bankole Origin: West African (Yoruba) Meaning: "Build my house for me." Gbeho Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: Unknown. It also meant the apartheid government could no longer link apartheid and its purported legitimacy to the protection of Christian values and civilisation in the face of the rooi gevaar, meaning "red danger" or the threat of communism. Ade is a Yoruba name meaning crown. Hint: Try searching for a relative alive in 1940. There are 3,000 census records available for the last name South African. (, Viljoen, Russel S. (1995). There is also a Jat tribe with the same name. 2022 Sandbox Networks Inc. All rights reserved. It is the tenth most common family name in the Republic of South Africa. In 1874, Henry Bartle Frere was sent to South Africa as High Commissioner for the British Empire to bring such plans into being. Coetzee ( Afrikaans: [kutsi]) is an Afrikaans surname. Afumba (Zambian origin) meaning "when they plan". The country would only be readmitted to the UN in 1994 following its transition to democracy. The Government of National Unity lapsed at the end of the first parliament sitting in 1999, with the ANC becoming the sole party in power while maintaining a strategic alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the South African Communist Party. In the eastern part of what is today South Africa, in the region named Natalia by the Boer trekkers, the latter negotiated an agreement with Zulu King Dingane kaSenzangakhona allowing the Boers to settle in part of the then Zulu kingdom. A given name may consist of only one name (the first name) or multiple names, in which case subsequent names are referred to as middle names. [184] A controversial bombing and airborne assault conducted by 200 South African paratroopers on 4 May 1978 at Cassinga in southern Angola, resulted in around 700 South West Africans being killed, including PLAN militants and a large number of women and children. [91], The Bapedi wars, also known as the Sekhukhune wars, consisted of three separate campaigns fought between 1876 and 1879 against the Bapedi under their reigning monarch King Sekhukhune I, in the northeastern region known as Sekhukhuneland, bordering on Swaziland. Ndlovu: Means elephant. Its underground cells conducted armed robberies to raise funds and obtain weapons and vehicles. White people, who constituted 20 percent of the population, held 90 percent of the land. The First Sekhukhune War of 1876 was conducted by the Boers, and the two separate campaigns of the Second Sekhukhune War of 1878/1879 were conducted by the British. Natalia was a short-lived Boer republic established in 1839 by Boer Voortrekkers emigrating from the Cape Colony. 2. They moved about 500 miles eastward, over the Quathlamba (today known as the Drakensberg mountain range), settling ultimately in an area officially designated as "Nomansland", which the Griquas renamed Griqualand East. In 1896, the German Kaiser Kaiser Wilhelm had enraged Britain by sending congratulations to Boer republican leader Paul Kruger after Kruger's commandos captured a column of British South Africa Company soldiers engaged in an armed incursion and abortive insurrection, known historically as the Jameson Raid, into Boer territory. [31], In 1787, shortly before the French Revolution, a faction within the politics of the Dutch Republic known as the Patriot Party attempted to overthrow the regime of stadtholder William V. Though the revolt was crushed, it was resurrected after the French invasion of the Netherlands in 1794/1795 which resulted in the stadtholder fleeing the country. Meaning "lynx" in English. [194][195][196], Organised resistance to Afrikaner nationalism was not confined exclusively to activists of the oppressed, dark-skinned population. [150][151] In the early to mid-1990s, the AWB attempted unsuccessfully through various acts of public violence and intimidation to derail the country's transition to democracy. [181][182][183], Between 1975 and 1988, the SADF continued to stage massive conventional raids into Angola and Zambia to eliminate PLAN's forward operating bases across the border from Namibia as well as provide support for UNITA. The British suffragette Emily Hobhouse visited British concentration camps in South Africa and produced a report condemning the appalling conditions there. [174] These states, forming a regional alliance of southern African states, were named collectively as the Frontline States: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and, from 1980, Zimbabwe. Aubrey Newman, Nicholas J Evans, J Graham Smith & Saul W Issroff. Kaya (Southern African origin), meaning "restful place," and is a Zulu name pronounced KAH-yah. Archaeological discoveries of livestock bones on the Cape Peninsula indicate that the Khoikhoi began to settle there by about 2000 years ago. Origin: Ghanaian Meaning: "Child that keeps coming or reincarnation." Kanumba Origin: Tanzanian Meaning: Unknown. A succession of wars followed from 1858 to 1868 between the Basotho kingdom and the Boer republic of Orange Free State. The progenitors of the extended clan are Willem Schalk van der Merwe (born in "Broeck", probably [[Broek= Babyloninbroek], province Noord-Brabant May 1634,in Babyloninbroek (Broek) and . The Transvaal Boer republic was forcefully annexed by Britain in 1877, during Britain's attempt to consolidate the states of southern Africa under British rule. The reinforcements arrived in Durban 20 days later; the siege was broken and the Voortrekkers retreated. [191] South African involvement in Angola ended formally after the signing of a United Nations-brokered agreement known as the New York Accords between the governments of Angola, Cuba and South Africa, resulting in the withdrawal of all foreign troops from Angola and also South Africa's withdrawal from South West Africa (now Namibia), which the UN regarded as illegally occupied since 1966. [citation needed] Smuts was invited to the Imperial War Cabinet in 1939 as the most senior South African in favour of war. You can find birthdates, death dates, addresses and more. Philip's intention was for the Griquas to protect the missionary station there against banditti in the region, and as a bulwark against the northward movement of white settlers from the Cape Colony. [216] A wealth tax on the super-rich to fund developmental projects was set aside, while domestic and international corporations, enriched by apartheid, were excused from any financial reparations. Page 1 2. Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2010). [147] When the war ended, the OB was one of the anti-parliamentary groups absorbed into the National Party.[148][149]. The precious metal that underpinned international trade would dominate South African exports for decades to come. By January 1907, 53,000 Chinese labourers were working in the gold mines.[115]. [100] Revenue accruing to the Cape Colony from the Kimberley diamond diggings enabled the Cape Colony to be granted responsible government status in 1872, since it was no longer dependent on the British Treasury and hence allowing it to be fully self-governing in similar fashion to the federation of Canada, New Zealand and some of the Australian states. [105][106], Although many tales abound, there is no conclusive evidence as to who first discovered gold or the manner in which it was originally discovered in the late 19th century on the Witwatersrand (meaning White Waters Ridge) of the Transvaal. The "aliens" objected to being denied parliamentary representation and the right to vote, and they complained also of bureaucratic government delays in the issuing of licenses and permits, and general administrative incompetence on the part of the government.[119]. ): Fourie, J.; Boshoff, W. (2008). In late October, Boer commandos supported by local Kgatla tribal collaborators laid siege to the caves. South Africa's top-secret Special Signals Service played a significant role in the early development and deployment of radio detection and ranging (radar) technology used in protecting the vital coastal shipping route around southern Africa. 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In the Fourth Xhosa War, which lasted from 1811 to 1812, the British colonial authorities forced the Xhosa back across the Great Fish River and established forts along this boundary. [172][173], South African security forces during the latter part of the apartheid era had a policy of destabilising neighbouring states, supporting opposition movements, conducting sabotage operations and attacking ANC bases and places of refuge for exiles in those states. [161] Apartheid South Africa reacted to the UN arms embargo by strengthening its military ties with Israel, and establishing its own arms manufacturing industry with the help of Israel. 3. Providing important rest and refuelling stations, the Royal Navy could ensure vital sea lane connections to the British Raj, and the Far East stayed open. The Ibibio name Akpan means firstborn son. Less than a handful of prosecutions were ever pursued. [245] Protests against the incarceration triggered wider rioting and looting, further exacerbated by job layoffs and economic woes worsened by the COVID-19 pandemic. [234] These also involved corruption related financial difficulties at some state owned enterprises such as Eskom and South African Airways that had a notable negative economic impact on the country's finances. Crocodile Bakoena Bahurutshe Setswana Botswana, South Africa . A movement known as the Torch Commando was formed in the 1950s, led by white war veterans who had fought fascism in Europe and North Africa during World War II, only to find fascism on the rise in South Africa when they returned home. Since 2007 South Africa has experienced an ongoing energy crisis that has negatively impacted the country's economy,[237] its ability to create jobs,[237] and reduce poverty. Over 7,000 South Africans were killed, and nearly 12,000 were wounded during the course of the war. Kruger rejected the British demand and called for the withdrawal of British troops from the borders of the South African Republic. [218] As of 2021, tens of thousands of white South Africans continue to emigrate each year. Bartle Frere then sent Lord Chelmsford to invade Zululand. (2014). Discover the meaning of the South African name on Ancestry. 1. The settlement of southern Africa by the Khoisan corresponds to the earliest separation of the extant Homo sapiens populations altogether, associated in genetic science with what is described in scientific terms as matrilinear haplogroup L0 (mtDNA) and patrilinear haplogroup A (Y-DNA), originating in a northwestern area of southern Africa. [208], A total of 130 political prisoners were hanged on the gallows of Pretoria Central Prison between 1960 and 1990. Prosecutions before the courts of the Union of South Africa were instituted in the name of the Crown and government officials served in the name of the Crown. [190] However, the South African military had lost air superiority and its technological advantage, largely due to an international arms embargo against the country. Black people were recruited or conscripted by both sides into working for them either as combatants or non-combatants to sustain the respective war efforts of both the Boers and the British.
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